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Á³±ÛĦ¬O¤@ºØ¥Íªø¦bÆP©ÊÆQ´òªºÂźñĦ¡C¦b¥þ¥@¬Éªº­ì²£¦a³Ì¥D­n¦³¨â³B¡G«D¬wªº¬d¼w´ò¡]Lake Chad¡^¡B¾¥¦è­ôªºTexcoco´ò¡Fª½¨ì³Ìªñ¡A¤¤°ê¶³«n¬Ùªºµ{®ü¤Î¬ü°ê¤@¨ÇÆP©Ê´òªy³£¦³µo²{Á³±ÛĦªº¦s¦b¡C

¾¥¦è­ô¹Ò¤º¹M§GµÛ¤j¤j¤p¤pªºÄФô´ò¡C¦ÓTexcoco´ò¦ì©ó¾¥¦è­ô¬Ö¦a¤¤¥¡¡A¬OÄÝ©ó¥j¥N´òªy´Ý¯dªº¤@³¡¤À¡A¨ä¦a²z¦ì¸m¬°¥_½n19~20«×¡B¦è¸g98~99«×¤§¶¡¡A®ü©Þ°ª«×¦b2000¤½¤Ø¥ª¥k¡C·í¦a®L¤Ñ«B©u¬OÄÝ©ó¥b°®Àê®ð­Ô¡A®ð­Ô¤W·|¦³¤@ºØ­t¤ô¥­¿Åªº²{¶H¡]¤@¦~ªº­°«B¶q¬°600mm¡A¦ý»]µo¶q«o¬°1800mm¡^¡C¦¹´òªºªì¯Å¥Í²£¤O¬Û·íªº°ª¡A¦]¦¹´ò­±¸g±`§e²{ºñ¦â©M¨ä¥L²`¦â¤ôµØ¡]ÂŦâ¡B²`½Å¦â¡Bµµ¦â¤Î¶À¦â¡^¡C´ò¤ôªº·Å«×©M·»®ñ¶qÅܤƶq¬Û·í¤j¡A¥B·|ÀHµÛ¦a§Î¡B¤ô²`¦Ó¦³©Ò®t²§¡]Alococer ¡® Hammer,1998¡^¡C

¹Ï¤@¡GTexcoco´ò(Lago de Texcoco)ªº¦a²z¦ì¸m¡A¨ä¤¤¥i²Ó¤À¬°¼Æ­Ó¤p´ò°Ï

¬d¼w´ò (Lake Chad) ¦ì©ó¦è«D¼»«¢©Ô¨FºzÃä½t¡A©P³òÀô±µµÛ¥|­Ó°ê®a¡G¥§¤é§Q¨È¡B ¥§¤éº¸¡B¬d¼w¤Î³Ø³Á¶©¡C¬d¼w´ò´¿¸g¬O«D¬w²Ä¥|¤j´ò¡A¥þ²y²Ä¤»¤j´ò¡A¦ý¦]¦b¹L¥h¥|¤Q¦~¦]¬°­°«B³v¦~´î¤Ö¡A¥H­P©ó´ò­±­±¿nÁY¤p¡A¥u³Ñ¤T¤Q¤­¦~«eªº1/20­¿¡A¹ï¤ô¤¤ªº¥ÍºA¼vÅT¬Æ¤j¡F¦]¦Ó¥ç¦³¤H·|±N¨äµø§@Àã¦a¡C¡]http://www.ianho. net/knowledge/shrinking_lake.htm¡^

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¹Ï¤T¡G¬d¼w´ò¦bªñ¥|¤Q¦~´ò­±¿n³vº¥ÁY¤pªº±¡§Î¡C¦Û¨â¸U¦~«e¥H¨Ó¡A´ò­±¿n³£¦³¼W´î¡A¦ýªñ

´X¦~¥NÁY´î¬O³ÌÄY­«¡C±À´ú¥i¯à»P¥þ²y·Å¤ÆµLÃö¡A¦ý»P©P¾Dªº¤HÃþ¬¡°Ê¦³Ãö

ªñ¨Ó¤¤°ê«ÅºÙµ{®ü¥ç¦³¥X²£Á³±ÛĦ¡Aµ{®ü¦ì©ó¶³«n¬Ù¥Ã³Ó¿¤¤¤³¡¡A®ü©Þ°ª«×1503¤½¤Ø¡A´òªø20¤½¨½¡A«n¥_¨«¦V¡A§¡¼e4¤½¨½¡C´ò¤ô³Ì²L³B36.9¤½¤Ø¡AÀx¤ô¶q19.87»õ¥ß¤è¤½¤Ø¡A­±¿n77.2¥­¤è¤½¨½¡A¬°·¿¦è²Ä¤G¤j´ò¡C¸Ó¦a®ð­ÔÄݤ¤¨È¼ö±a®ð­Ô¡A¤@¦~¤é·Ó¬ù2700¤p®É¡A¥­§¡®ð·Å18.7¢J¡A¡A´ò­±¤ô·Å17.6~27.5¢J¡A¥þ¦~µLÁ÷¡ApH­È8.6~9.3¡F´ò¤ôÄq¤Æ«×°ª¡AºÒ·½Â×´I¡C¡]http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate

/big5/www.yn.xinhuanet.com/nets/lj/xlym/fjms-10.htm¡^

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Á³±ÛĦªºÀ³¥Î

¥Í²£°Ó·~©ÊÁ³±ÛĦ¡A¥Ø«e¤w¹M¤Î¥þ²y¡A°®Àê«áªºÁ³±ÛĦ¥i²K¥[©ó­¹«~¤¤¡]Cifelli, 1983; Belay et al.,1993¡^¡CÁ³±ÛĦªº¦¨¤À¡G³J¥Õ½è¡]¦û°®­«60~70¢H¡^¡Bºû¥Í¯À¡]B12©M£]-­JÅÚ½³¯À§t¶q°ª¡^¡BÄqª«½è¡B¥²¶·Ói°ò»Ä©M¯×ªÕ»Ä¡A¯S§O¬O£^-¦¸¨È³Âªo»Ä¡]GLA¡^§t¶qÂ×´I¡]Belay et al, 1993¡^¡C

Á³±ÛĦ¨Ï¥Î¦b¤HÃþ­¹«~²K¥[ª«¤w¸g¦³¤G¤Q¦~ªº¾ú¥v¡A¹ï©óÂåÀø¤]¦³³\¦hÁ{§É³ø§i¡]¦pTable 1.¡^¡C¨ä¤¤¥D­nªº¥\¯à¦³¡G­°§C¦å²G¤¤Áx©T¾J§t¶q¡B £]¡V­JÅÚ½³¯À¥i¹w¨¾Àù¯g¤Î´î½w¯f±¡¡BÀç³y¸z­G¤¤°·±dªº¨Å»Ä±ìµß¸s¡B´î»´¨E¤ÎÃĪ«¹ï©óµÇªº¬r©Ê¡B£^¡V¨È³Âªo»Ä(GLA)¥i¨ë¿E«e¦C¸¢¯À§@¥Î¡BĦÂųJ¥Õ(Phyeoeyanin)¥i´£°ª§K¬Ì¨t²Î¡B¿ç®gªº«OÅ@¡B´£°ªÅKªº§l¦¬¤Î½Õ²z³h¦å¯g¤Î´îªÎ¡C¯S§O¬OÁ³±ÛĦªº²GºAµÑ¨úª«¯à§í¨îHIV-1¯f¬r¨Ó¦Û¤HÅéT-²Ó­M¤Î¶gÃä¦åºÞ³æ®Ö²Ó­Mªº½Æ»s¡]Ayehunie

 et al.,1998¡^¡A¹ï©ó·R´þ¯f¤H¦Ó¨¥¡AµL³×¬O¤@­Ó·sªº§Æ±æ¡C

±NÁ³±ÛĦ²K¥[¦b°Êª«¹}®Æ¤¤¬Oªñ¦~¨Ó¤~µo®iªº·s§Þ³N¡A¨ä¤¤¥H¦U¼Ë¤ô²£«~¡]§d³¢³½¡Bªë¥Ø³½¡BÃU³½¡Bö°¡BÂD³½¡B¹Å³½¡B©ú½¼¡BÀj³½µ¥µ¥¡^¤Î³°¤W°Êª«¡]Âû¡B¤û¡B½Þ¡^¬°¥D­n¬ã¨s¹ï¶H¡C¦b¦­´Áªº¬ã¨s¤¤¡AÁ³±ÛĦ²K¥[¦b¹}®Æ¤¤³£¬O°w¹ï¦¨ªø²v¡B¬¡¦s²v¡B¹}®ÆÂà´«²v¤Î²Õ´¯S©Ê§@¬°±´°Q¡C¦b¦¨ªø²v¡B¬¡¦s²v¤Î¹}®ÆÂà´«²v¤è­±¡A²K¥[¾A·íªºÁ³±ÛĦ¨Ó¨ú¥N¹}®Æ¤¤³J¥Õ½è¡Aµ²ªGµo²{³£¦³ÅãµÛªº®ÄªG¡]Table 2.¡^¡C¦b²Õ´¯S©Ê¤è­±¡A¹B¥Î¦b³½Ãþ¤W¡A¦³©úÅã¼W¥[Åé¦âªº®ÄªG¡A¦P®É¥i­°§C³½¦×¤¤Áx©T¾J§t¶q©M¼W¥[¦Ù¦×¯¾²z¡A´£°ª­¹¥Îªº¤f·P¡F¦b®a¸V¤è­±¡A¥i¼W¥[³J¶À¦â¿A¤Î¹å¤Æ²v¡]Table 3.¡^¡Cª½¨ì³Ìªñ¤~¦³°w¹ï§K¬Ì¡B§Ü¯f¬r¡B§ÜÀù¯g§@¬°¬ã¨s¡C

Table 1.Á³±ÛĦ¹ï©óÂåÀø¤Wªº¬ã¨s

À³¥Î

¹ï¶H

µ²ªG

°Ñ¦Ò¸ê®Æ

Hyperlipidemia

Rat

¥i­°§C¦å²G¤¤Á`Áx©T¾J§t¶q¡C¨ÏHDL-Áx©T¾J§t¶q¼W¥[¡ALDL-Áx©T¾J§t¶q¨ü¨ì§í¨î¡C

Kato et al., 1984

 

Rat

ÂǥѸɥR¯×ªÕ¤À¸Ñ»Ã¯À¡A¼W¥[¤T»Ä¥Ìªo¯×§t¶q¦b¦å²G©M¨x¤¤ªº¤ñ¨Ò¡C

Iwata et al., 1987,1990

 

Human

´ú¶q30­Ó¯f¤Hªº¦å²G¤¤Á`Áx©T¾J§t¶q¡ALDL-Áx©T¾J©M AI¡]Athero-genic Index¡^·|­°§C¡A¦P®ÉHDL-Áx©T¾J·|¼W¥[¡C

Nakaya et al.,1988

Adipohepatosis

Rat

¯f±¡¨ü¨ì§í¨î¡A«P¶i²¬Â¡¡C

Kato et al.,1984

Antitumor

Hamster

¬ã¨s«ü¥X£]-­JÅÚ½³¯À¡BÃþ­JÅÚ½³¯À¦³§í¨îÀù²Ó­Mªºª«½è¡AªA¥Î¾A·íªºÁ³±ÛĦ¥i§í¨î²Ó­M¬r¯À¡C

Schwartz ¡®

Sklar,1987

 

Hamster

Á³±ÛĦªºµÑ¨úª«¥i¨¾¤î¸~½F²Ó­M¼W´Þ¡C

Schwartz et al.,1988

Immune system

Mouse

Á³±ÛĦ¥i§í¨îdiisocyanate©Ò¤Þ°_ºC©Ê¹L±Ó¯g¡C

Nagao et al.,1991

 

Mouse

ªì¯Å§K¬Ì¤ÏÀ³¤¤¥i¹w¨¾¯Ý¸¢©M³æ¿W¯f­ìªº¼W­È¡C

Hayashi et al.,1992

Radioprotective effect

Mouse

¥H¤A¾JµÑ¨úÁ³±ÛĦ©Ò±oªºª«½è¡A¥i´î½w£^-®g½u»¤¾Émicronucleusµo¥ÍªºÀW²v¡C

Oishen et al.,1989

Renal toxicity

Rat

Á³±ÛĦ­¹«~¥i¥H¨¾¤îµL¾÷ª«¡Ð¨E¤Î¤TºØÃĪ«¡]para-aminophenol,gentamicin ©Mcisplatin¡^¤Þ°_µÇ°IºÜ¡C

Yamane et al.,1988

 

Rat

ĦÂųJ¥Õ¥i¨¾¤î¨E¤Îcisplatin©Ò¤Þ°_µÇ°IºÜ¡C

Fukino et al.,1990

Intestinal flora

Rat

¸z¹D¤¤¤j¸z±ìµß©M¤ñµá¼w¤óµß©úÅã¼W¥[¡C

Tschihashi et al.,1987

Diabetes

Rat

¦b¸²µå¿}§t¶q¸û§C¦å²G¤¤¡AÁ³±ÛĦ¿Ë¤ô©Ê³¡¤À¥i§Ö³tªº§@¥Î¡F¦Ó²¨¤ô©Ê³¡¤À¥i§í¨î¸²µå¿}§t¶q¡C

Takai et al.,1991

Obesity

Human

¦b³sÄò¥|¬P´Á¡A¨C¤Ñ¤T¦¸¡A¨C¦¸ªA¥Î2.8§JªºÁ³±ÛĦ¡A¯f¤H©úÅã­°§CÅé­«¡C

Becker et al.,1986

Hypertension

Rat

´î½w°ª¦åÀ£¡C

Iwata et al.,1990

 

 

 

 

Table 2.Á³±ÛĦ¹ï©ó°Êª«¤Î¤ô²£¥Íª«ªº¬¡¦s²v¤Î¥Í¦s²v

ºØÃþ

ºK­n

°Ñ¦Ò¸ê®Æ

Big mouth buffalo

¡]Ictiobus cyprinellus¡^

§ïµ½¦¨ªø²v¬°29g dwt/kg-1 body wt¡C

Stanley ¡® Jones, 1976

Blue tilapia

¡]Tilapia aurea¡^

¦p¤W

Stanley ¡® Jones, 1976

Nile tilapia

¡]Tilapia nilotica¡^

Á³±ÛĦ¸É¥R³J®ò»Ä¥i¦¨¥\¨ú¥N³½¹}®Æ¡C

Chow ¡® Woo¡]1990¡^

Milkfish fry

¡]Chanos chanos¡^

²K¥[50¢HªºÁ³±ÛĦ¨ú¥N¹}®Æ¡A§¹¥þµL­t­±¼vÅT¡C

Santiago et al., 1989

Silver carp

¡]Hypothalamichthys molitrix¡^

²K¥[10¢HªºÁ³±ÛĦ¦b¹}®Æ¤¤¥i§ïµ½¦¨ªø²v¤Î¼W¥[Åé­«¡C

Ayyappan, 1992

 

§Q¥Î30¢HªºÁ³±ÛĦ¨ú¥N¹}®Æ¤¤ªº³J¥Õ½è¨Ó§ïµ½¦¨ªø¡C

Daniel ¡® Kumuthakala-vally, 1992

Grass carp

¡]Ctenopharyngodon idella¡^

¦p¤W

Ayyappan, 1992

Common carp

¡]Cyprinus carpio¡^

¦p¤W

Ayyappan, 1992

Cultured striped jack¡]Pseudocaranx dentex¡^

²K¥[5¢HÁ³±ÛĦ¦b¹}®Æ¤¤¡Aµ²ªGÅã¥Ü¦³¦nªº¦¨ªø²v©M¹}®ÆÂà´«²v¡G10¢HªºÁ³±ÛĦ·|»´·L§í¨î¦¨ªø¡C

Watanabe et al.,1990

Yellow tail

¡]Seriola quinqueradiata¡^

¸É¥R1~10¢HªºÁ³±ÛĦ¥i§ïµ½¦¨ªø²v¡]±±¨î²Õªº1.5­¿¡^¡B¬¡¦s²v¤Î¹}®ÆÂà´«²v¡C

Kato ¡® Miyakawa,1992

Masou salmon

¡]Oncorhynchus masou¡^

¥i§ïµ½¦¨ªø²v¡B¬¡¦s²v¡B¹}®Æ´«Âà®Ä²v¡A©è§Ü¹w¨¾²Óµßªº¶Ç¬V¡C

Kato ¡® Miyakawa,1992

Sweet smelt or ayu¡]Plecoglossus altivelis¡^

¦p¤W

Kato ¡® Miyakawa,1992

Sea eels

¡]Anguilla japonica¡^

§ïµ½¦¨ªø²v¡B¬¡¦s²v¡B¹}®ÆÂà´«®Ä²v¡C

Kato ¡® Miyakawa,1992

Red sea bream

¡]Pagrus major¡^

Áý­¹5¢HªºÁ³±ÛĦ¥i¼W¥[¦¨ªø²v¡B¬¡¦s²v¡B¹}®ÆÂà´«®Ä²v¡C

Mustafa et al., 1994a

Silver sea bream

¡]Rhabdosargus sarba¡^

¤ñ¸û¨ú¥N¨ì50¢HÁ³±ÛĦªº¹}®Æ¤§¦¨ªø²v¡Aµ²ªGµL­t­±®ÄªG¡C

El-Sayed, 1994

 

 

 

 

 

 

Giant freashwater prawn¡]Macrobrachium rosenbergii¡^

²K¥[5~10¢HªºÁ³±ÛĦ©úÅã§ïµ½¦¨ªø²v¡B¬¡¦s²v¡B¹}®ÆÂà´«®Ä²v¡C

Nakagawa ¡® Gomez-Diaz, 1995

Chicken

¦b¥®¤½Âû¹}®Æ¤¤²K¥[1.5~12¢HÁ³±ÛĦ¨ú¥N¨ä¥L³J¥Õ½è¨Ó·½¡A¦³¦nªº¦¨ªø²v¤Î¹}®ÆªºÂà´«²v¡C

Ross ¡® Dominy, 1990

 

Áý­¹¦¨ªøªº鷄5~10¢HÁ³±ÛĦ¡A©úÅã¥i§ïµ½¦¨ªø¤Î²£§Z¡C

Blum ¡® Calet, 1976¡FYoshida ¡® Hoshii,1980¡FBecker ¡®

Venkataraman 1982¡F

Brune. 1982;

Nazareno et al.,1975Na

Quail

Áý­¹1.2~10¢HªºÁ³±ÛĦ·|¦³¸û°ªªº²£³J¶q¤Î¹å¤Æ²v¡C

Ross ¡® Dominy, 1990

 

²K¥[0.2¢HÁ³±ÛĦ¥i­°§C¤ñ±±¨î²Õ20­¿ªº¦º¤`²v¡C

Sakakibara ¡®

Hamada, 1994

Turkey poults

²K¥[1000~10000mg/kg-1ªºÁ³±ÛĦ·|¦³¸û°ªªº¦s¬¡²v¤Î¸û§Cªº¦º¤`²v¡C

MA Qureshi, personal communication

Yorkshire pigs

¦b¹}®Æ¹}®Æ¤¤²K¥[Á³±ÛĦ©Îºñ²yĦ¡A­«¶q¸û±±¨î²Õ¼W¥[¡C

Yap et al., 1982

 

 

 

Table3.Á³±ÛĦ¹ï©ó¤@¨Ç°Êª«¦b²Õ´ªº¼vÅT

 ºØÃþ

ºK­n

°Ñ¦Ò¤åÄm

Fancy red carp

¡]Cyprinus carpio¡^

±N¨Ó¦ÛÁ³±ÛĦZeaxanthin ©Mmyxoxanthophyll§@Åã¦â¤ñ¸û¡Aµ²ªGµo²{«eªÌ¦³©úÅã¼W¦â¡A«áªÌ¨S¦³¡C

Matsuno et al., 1970